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Research Authority Layer

Global Circumcision Research Index

Structured country data, legal status, medical context, harm documentation, and evidence quality — built to show what is known, what is disputed, and what still needs review.

Explore country coverage Study library

How this index is built

Six commitments that make a missing data point a trust signal instead of a hidden gap.

No fabricated data

Every figure is read from the database. Missing data is shown as missing, never invented to look complete.

Source-graded evidence

Sources carry a type and an evidence level so you can see how strongly each claim is backed.

Country-by-country coverage

A derived research status for all 171 countries — deep-built, partial, or breadth-only.

Claims separated from commentary

Key factual claims are stored as short, testable, source-linked objects — apart from prose.

Incidents verified or flagged

Documented harm cases are verified or clearly flagged; aggregates never inflate single-case counts.

Advocacy with transparent sourcing

We take a position — and show our working. International figures are stored as context, not national rates.

Global coverage at a glance

172

Countries tracked

168

Deep-built

3

Partial

1

Breadth-only

1563

Sources

547

Research claims

Country coverage

172 of 172 countries.

Philippines

ph · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
85% prevalence 19 sources 4 verified
Write-up Curated legal

South Africa

za · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
45% prevalence 16 sources 1 verified
Write-up Curated legal

United States of America

us · North America

Deep-built
71% prevalence 15 sources 3 verified
Write-up Curated legal

Thailand

th · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
13% prevalence 12 sources 1 verified
Write-up Curated legal

United Kingdom

gb · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
20% prevalence 10 sources 1 verified
Write-up Curated legal

Canada

ca · North America

Deep-built
32% prevalence 9 sources 2 verified
Write-up Curated legal

Fiji

fj · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
50% prevalence 9 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Afghanistan

af · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
99% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Albania

al · Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Deep-built
70% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Algeria

dz · Middle East & North Africa

Deep-built
98% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Angola

ao · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
55% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Argentina

ar · Latin America

Deep-built
3% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Armenia

am · Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Deep-built
2% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Australia

au · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
27% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Austria

at · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
6% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Azerbaijan

az · Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Deep-built
95% prevalence 8 sources 3 verified
Write-up Curated legal

Bahamas

bs · Latin America

Deep-built
15% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Bangladesh

bd · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
95% prevalence 8 sources 1 verified
Write-up Curated legal

Belarus

by · Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Deep-built
3% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Belize

bz · Latin America

Deep-built
10% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Benin

bj · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
95% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Bhutan

bt · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
5% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Bolivia

bo · Latin America

Deep-built
3% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Bosnia and Herz.

ba · Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Deep-built
45% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Botswana

bw · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
15% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Brazil

br · Latin America

Deep-built
7% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Brunei

bn · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
90% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Bulgaria

bg · Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Deep-built
8% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Burkina Faso

bf · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
89% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Burundi

bi · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
62% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Cambodia

kh · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
5% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Cameroon

cm · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
93% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Central African Rep.

cf · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
70% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Chad

td · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
90% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Chile

cl · Latin America

Deep-built
3% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

China

cn · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
14% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Colombia

co · Latin America

Deep-built
5% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Congo

cg · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
75% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Costa Rica

cr · Latin America

Deep-built
5% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Côte d'Ivoire

ci · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
95% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Croatia

hr · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
5% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Cuba

cu · Latin America

Deep-built
3% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Cyprus

cy · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
15% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Czechia

cz · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
4% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Dem. Rep. Congo

cd · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
70% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Denmark

dk · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
5% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Djibouti

dj · Middle East & North Africa

Deep-built
95% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Dominican Rep.

do · Latin America

Deep-built
13% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Ecuador

ec · Latin America

Deep-built
3% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Egypt

eg · Middle East & North Africa

Deep-built
92% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

El Salvador

sv · Latin America

Deep-built
5% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Eq. Guinea

gq · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
90% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Eritrea

er · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
90% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Estonia

ee · Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Deep-built
3% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

eSwatini

sz · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
30% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Ethiopia

et · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
92% prevalence 8 sources 1 verified
Write-up Curated legal

Finland

fi · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
3% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

France

fr · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
14% prevalence 8 sources 1 verified
Write-up Curated legal

Gabon

ga · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
95% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Gambia

gm · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
90% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Georgia

ge · Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Deep-built
5% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Germany

de · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
11% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Ghana

gh · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
95% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Greece

gr · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
5% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Greenland

gl · North America

Deep-built
2% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Guatemala

gt · Latin America

Deep-built
5% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Guinea

gn · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
92% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Guinea-Bissau

gw · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
90% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Guyana

gy · Latin America

Deep-built
15% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Haiti

ht · Latin America

Deep-built
3% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Honduras

hn · Latin America

Deep-built
5% prevalence 8 sources 1 verified
Write-up Curated legal

Hungary

hu · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
4% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Iceland

is · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
2% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

India

in · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
14% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Indonesia

id · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
90% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Iran

ir · Middle East & North Africa

Deep-built
99% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Iraq

iq · Middle East & North Africa

Deep-built
99% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Ireland

ie · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
3% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Israel

il · Middle East & North Africa

Deep-built
92% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Italy

it · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
3% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Jamaica

jm · Latin America

Deep-built
10% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Japan

jp · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
9% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Jordan

jo · Middle East & North Africa

Deep-built
99% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Kazakhstan

kz · Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Deep-built
70% prevalence 8 sources 2 verified
Write-up Curated legal

Kenya

ke · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
84% prevalence 8 sources 3 verified
Write-up Curated legal

Kuwait

kw · Middle East & North Africa

Deep-built
99% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Kyrgyzstan

kg · Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Deep-built
85% prevalence 8 sources 2 verified
Write-up Curated legal

Laos

la · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
5% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Latvia

lv · Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Deep-built
3% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Lebanon

lb · Middle East & North Africa

Deep-built
60% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Lesotho

ls · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
52% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Liberia

lr · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
90% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Libya

ly · Middle East & North Africa

Deep-built
97% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Lithuania

lt · Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Deep-built
3% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Luxembourg

lu · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
8% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Macedonia

mk · Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Deep-built
35% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Madagascar

mg · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
80% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Malawi

mw · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
22% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Malaysia

my · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
80% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Mali

ml · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
95% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Mauritania

mr · Middle East & North Africa

Deep-built
99% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Mexico

mx · Latin America

Deep-built
10% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Moldova

md · Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Deep-built
3% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Mongolia

mn · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
5% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Montenegro

me · Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Deep-built
20% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Morocco

ma · Middle East & North Africa

Deep-built
99% prevalence 8 sources 2 verified
Write-up Curated legal

Mozambique

mz · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
50% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Myanmar

mm · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
25% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Namibia

na · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
25% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Nepal

np · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
10% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Netherlands

nl · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
7% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

New Zealand

nz · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
33% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Nicaragua

ni · Latin America

Deep-built
3% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Niger

ne · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
95% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Nigeria

ng · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
96% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

North Korea

kp · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
2% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Norway

no · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
5% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Oman

om · Middle East & North Africa

Deep-built
95% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Pakistan

pk · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
96% prevalence 8 sources 2 verified
Write-up Curated legal

Palestine

ps · Middle East & North Africa

Deep-built
99% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Panama

pa · Latin America

Deep-built
8% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Papua New Guinea

pg · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
10% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Paraguay

py · Latin America

Deep-built
3% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Peru

pe · Latin America

Deep-built
4% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Poland

pl · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
3% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Portugal

pt · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
4% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Puerto Rico

pr · Latin America

Deep-built
60% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Qatar

qa · Middle East & North Africa

Deep-built
99% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Romania

ro · Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Deep-built
4% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Russia

ru · Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Deep-built
12% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Rwanda

rw · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
30% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

S. Sudan

ss · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
25% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Saudi Arabia

sa · Middle East & North Africa

Deep-built
99% prevalence 8 sources 1 verified
Write-up Curated legal

Senegal

sn · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
95% prevalence 8 sources 1 verified
Write-up Curated legal

Serbia

rs · Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Deep-built
8% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Sierra Leone

sl · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
90% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Slovakia

sk · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
4% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Slovenia

si · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
4% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Solomon Is.

sb · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
20% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Somalia

so · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
99% prevalence 8 sources 1 verified
Write-up Curated legal

South Korea

kr · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
77% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Spain

es · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
4% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Sri Lanka

lk · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
10% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Sudan

sd · Middle East & North Africa

Deep-built
95% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Suriname

sr · Latin America

Deep-built
15% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Sweden

se · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
5% prevalence 8 sources 1 verified
Write-up Curated legal

Switzerland

ch · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
6% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Syria

sy · Middle East & North Africa

Deep-built
98% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Taiwan

tw · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
9% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Tajikistan

tj · Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Deep-built
90% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Tanzania

tz · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
28% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Timor-Leste

tl · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
10% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Togo

tg · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
92% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Trinidad and Tobago

tt · Latin America

Deep-built
12% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Tunisia

tn · Middle East & North Africa

Deep-built
99% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Turkey

tr · Middle East & North Africa

Deep-built
99% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Uganda

ug · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
27% prevalence 8 sources 1 verified
Write-up Curated legal

Ukraine

ua · Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Deep-built
5% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

United Arab Emirates

ae · Middle East & North Africa

Deep-built
99% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Uruguay

uy · Latin America

Deep-built
3% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Uzbekistan

uz · Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Deep-built
95% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Vanuatu

vu · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
50% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Venezuela

ve · Latin America

Deep-built
5% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Yemen

ye · Middle East & North Africa

Deep-built
99% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Zambia

zm · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
13% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Zimbabwe

zw · Sub-Saharan Africa

Deep-built
10% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Belgium

be · Western & Central Europe

Deep-built
22% prevalence 7 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Vietnam

vn · Asia & the Pacific

Deep-built
5% prevalence 7 sources 3 verified
Write-up Curated legal

New Caledonia

nc · Asia & the Pacific

Partial
15% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Turkmenistan

tm · Eastern Europe & Central Asia

Partial
90% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

W. Sahara

eh · Middle East & North Africa

Partial
99% prevalence 8 sources
Write-up Curated legal

KM

km

Breadth-only
0 sources
Write-up Curated legal

Evidence library

Sources are graded by type and evidence level as country files are deepened — so you can see how strongly each claim is backed.

By source type

  • Peer-reviewed573
  • International org213
  • Other140
  • Government data136
  • News report97
  • Historical source83
  • Legal source60
  • Editorial analysis43
  • NGO report39
  • Medical guideline36
  • Academic book13
  • Court document9
  • Dataset1
  • Testimony1

By evidence level

  • Moderate evidence510
  • High evidence752
  • Low evidence156
  • Context only26

Research gaps

Where the work goes next. A gap shown here is a transparency signal, not a claim that no harm occurs.

Tier 1 — almost done (1–2 items left)

Finish what is started

Tier 2 — profile, no depth

Obvious next deep-research targets

No profile-only countries.

Tier 3 — high-prevalence, breadth-only

≥85% prevalence, no depth yet

No high-prevalence gaps.

Plus a long tail of 1 lower-prevalence countries with breadth-only records. Translation gaps: 59. Missing curated legal status: 1. Missing country sources: 1.

Help improve a country file

Know a real source, court record, or study we're missing for a country? Suggest it and we'll review and grade it. We never publish unverified material as fact.

Suggest a source Report an incident